Oocytes of a single individual of Ciona intestinalis (Roscoff, France) were fertilized by a mixture of sperm of two individuals and development was followed microscopically. Embryos were snapfrozen in liquid nitrogen at the appropriate stage and kept at -80°C. Samples at stage 0, 8, 12, 15, 21, 26 were collected from the same fertilzation, while sample from stage 11 was independently collected from a different individual. Total RNA was prepared with the RNA II kit of Magerey Nagel and the quality was checked with the Bioanalyzer, all samples had a RIN value of higher than 9. Strand specific libraries were constructed and the sequencing (50PE) was performed with Illumina HiSeq 2000 technology (BGI, Hong Kong, China). Reads were aligned onto C.robusta genome and considered to reflect the expression of the C.robusta orthologous genes.

Early neurula stage wild type embryo probed for Ci-opsin1 expression.

Lateral view of a mid tailbud stage wild type embryo probed for Ci-opsin1 expression. In addition to the expression in the ventral part of the developping brain, a small number of dorsal cells were stained.

Dorsal view of a late tailbud DMSO-treated embryo probed for ci-opsin1 (green) and ci-arrestin (red) expression.

Original annotation:
In control embryos, expression of Ci-opsin1 and Ci-arrestin was detected in a few cells on the right side of the SV at the late tail bud stage.

Late tailbud embryo wild type embryo probed for Ci-opsin1 expression. Ci-opsin1 expression was restricted to cells dorsal to the pigment cell. Two laterally adjacent clusters of cells expressed Ci-opsin1 mRNA. Ci-opsin1 expression was not evident in the ventral part of the brain.

Conversion to aniseed format of DBTGR database entry from Kusakabe team.

Original annotation:
Expression was detected.

Aniseed annotation:
According to the picture, it seems that there is a signal in the posterior sensory vesicle, in the neck and in the visceral ganglion.

Conversion to Aniseed format of Ghost database entry from Kusakabe T et al., Dev Biol. 2002; 242:188-203. Original annotation: . Expression pattern: Brain

Dorsal view of a tadpole DMSO-treated embryo probed for ci-opsin1 (green) and ci-arrestin (red) expression.

Original annotation:
In control embryos, expression of Ci-opsin1 and Ci-arrestin was detected in a few cells on the right side of the SV at the late tail bud stage, and in the photoreceptor cells in the larva.

Dorsal view of a tadpole embryo probed for ci-Rx (red) and opsin (green) expression.

Lateral view of a tadpole stage embryo, showing expression of Ci-opsin in photoreceptors cells.

A wild type larvae probed for opsin-1 expression.

Original Annotation : Opsin-1 expression was detected in photoreceptor cells.

Dorsal view of a late tailbud SB431542-treated embryo probed for ci-opsin1 (green) and ci-arrestin (red) expression.

Original annotation:
In control embryos (DMSO-treated), expression of Ci-opsin1 and Ci-arrestin was detected in a few cells on the right side of the SV at the late tail bud stage, and in the photoreceptor cells in the larva. By contrast, in the embryos treated with SB431542, Ci-opsin1 and Ci-arrestin were expressed not only on the right side but also on the left side of the SV.

Expression of Ci-opsin1 in C. intestinalis embryo. Ci-opsin1 was detected in tadpole larvae by whole-mount in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe.

Original annotation: the Ci-opsin1 expression is restricted to the photoreceptor cells of the ocellus.

Tadpole wild type embryo probed for Ci-opsin1 expression. Ci-opsin1 expression is restricted to photoreceptor cells of the ocellus.